Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. The testicles are 2 egg-shaped glands located inside the scrotum (a sac of loose skin that lies directly below the penis). The testicles are held within the scrotum by the spermatic cord, which also contains the vas deferens and vessels and nerves of the testicles. [2]
The testicles are the male sex glands and produce testosterone and sperm. They are held in place by the spermatic cord, which also contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, and nerves associated with the testicles. The primary functions of a testicle are to produce testosterone, the male sex hormone, and to generate sperm.
Germ cells within the testicles produce immature sperm that travel through a network of tubules (tiny tubes) and larger tubes into the epididymis (a long coiled tube next to the testicles) where the sperm mature and are stored.[2]
Testicular cancer typically originates in the germ cells of the testicles. There are two primary types of testicular germ cell tumors:
Sometimes, a testicular tumor may contain both seminoma and nonseminoma cells. In such cases, it is treated as a nonseminoma due to its more aggressive nature.
Symptoms of testicular cancer can include:
It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any of these symptoms or any unusual changes.
Testicular cancer is diagnosed through various methods, including:
Treatment for testicular cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatments include:
Contact a physician at a urologic cancer center to determine a treatment for the cancer type. They will likely also perform a blood test and cancer screening to ensure the cancer hasn’t spread to other organs. Research the stages of testicular cancer to fully understand this condition.
The good news about testicular cancer is that it is one of the most treatable forms of cancer. When detected early, the survival rate is very high. Approximately 99% of men diagnosed with early-stage testicular cancer survive and can return to their normal, active lives. [1]
Explore testicular cancer risk factors to better understand contraction risks.
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent testicular cancer, regular self-exams can help with early detection. Many testicular cancer cases are easily treatable when cancer survivors notice a testicular tumor during a self-exam. Performing a monthly testicular self-exam involves checking for lumps, hardness, or swelling in the testicles. This simple examination can be done in the shower when the scrotal skin is relaxed.
Testicular cancer is a serious but highly treatable disease, especially when caught early. Understanding the symptoms, undergoing regular self-exams, and seeking timely medical advice are key to managing and overcoming this condition. For more information and support, consult a healthcare professional or visit resources provided by the Testicular Cancer Foundation.
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